History of Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua and Barbuda, two island states in the Caribbean, have a rich history marked by various periods of colonisation and cultural transformation. The islands were originally inhabited by the Siboney people around 2400 BC, followed by the Arawak and Carib peoples. In 1493, Christopher Columbus encountered the islands during his second voyage to the Americas, naming the larger island “Antigua” after a church in Spain.

European colonisation began in earnest in 1632, when the English settled in Antigua, establishing sugar plantations that relied heavily on enslaved African labour. This period saw significant economic growth but also immense human suffering due to the harsh conditions of slavery.

The abolition of slavery in 1834 was a turning point, leading to the gradual development of a free society. Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, Antigua and Barbuda remained under British colonial rule, experiencing economic fluctuations and political reforms. The push for self-governance gained momentum in the mid-20th century, culminating in Antigua and Barbuda achieving associated statehood status in 1967, where they managed their internal affairs while Britain retained control of defense and foreign policy. Full independence was realised on November 1, 1981, marking the birth of the sovereign nation of Antigua and Barbuda.

Since independence, the country has focused on developing its tourism industry and has become a prominent destination in the Caribbean, known for its beautiful beaches, vibrant culture, and historic sites.